[video] Semiconductor industry in Switzerland

75th Anniversary of the Transistor

Semiconductor Industry in Switzerland

A commemorative and networking event was organized by the IEEE Solid-State Circuits Chapter of Switzerland at the EPFL Microcity building in Neuchâtel, Switzerland. In the first part of the afternoon, we had the honor to host three Distinguished Lecturers:

• Prof. Tom Lee presentation “From Rocks to Chips: Stories of the Transistor” covered the early history of the transistor.
• Dr. Chris Mangelsdorf described circuit design techniques using the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) in his talk “Don’t Try This With CMOS!”.
• Prof. Christian Enz concluded this session, describing the development of low power CMOS using the EKV MOSFET model.

This video covers the second part of the event, “From transistor manufacturing in the late 1950’s until today”. It hosted five speakers who were key actors or are still active in the semiconductor sector of Switzerland.

[book] 75th Anniversary of the Transistor

75th Anniversary of the Transistor 

Arokia Nathan (Editor), Samar K. Saha (Editor), Ravi M. Todi (Editor)

ISBN: 978-1-394-20244-7 August 2023 Wiley-IEEE Press 464 Pages

Description: 75th Anniversary of the Transistor is a commemorative anniversary volume to celebrate the invention of the transistor. The anniversary volume was conceived by the IEEE Electron Devices Society (EDS) to provide comprehensive yet compact coverage of the historical perspectives underlying the invention of the transistor and its subsequent evolution into a multitude of integration and manufacturing technologies and applications.

The book reflects the transistor’s development since inception to the current state of the art that continues to enable scaling to very large-scale integrated circuits of higher functionality and speed. The stages in this evolution covered are in chronological order to reflect historical developments.

Narratives and experiences are provided by a select number of venerated industry and academic leaders, and retired veterans, of the semiconductor industry. 75th Anniversary of the Transistor highlights:

• Historical perspectives of the state-of-the-art pre-solid-state-transistor world (pre-1947) leading to the invention of the transistor
• Invention of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and analytical formulations by Shockley (1948) and their impact on the semiconductor industry
• Large scale integration, Moore’s Law (1965) and transistor scaling (1974), and MOS/LSI, including flash memories — SRAMs, DRAMs (1963), and the Toshiba NAND flash memory (1989)
• Image sensors (1986), including charge-coupled devices, and related microsensor applications

With comprehensive yet succinct and accessible coverage of one of the cornerstones of modern technology, 75th Anniversary of the Transistor is an essential reference for engineers, researchers, and undergraduate students looking for historical perspective from leaders in the field.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editor Biography xiii

Preface xv

1 The First Quantum Electron Device 1

Leo Esaki

2 IEEE Electron Devices Society: A Brief History 3

Samar K. Saha

3 Did Sir J.C. Bose Anticipate the Existence of p- and n-Type Semiconductors in His Coherer/Detector Experiments? 17

Prasanta Kumar Basu

4 The Point-Contact Transistor: A Revolution Begins 29

John M. Dallesasse and Robert B. Kaufman

5 On the Shockley Diode Equation and Analytic Models for Modern Bipolar Transistors 43

T. H. Ning

6 Junction-Less Field Effect Transistors: The First Transistor to be Conceptualized 51

Mamidala Jagadesh Kumar and Shubham Sahay

7 The First MOSFET Design by J. Lilienfeld and a Long Journey to Its Implementation 65

Hiroshi Iwai

8 The Invention of the Self-Aligned Silicon Gate Process 89

Robert E. Kerwin

9 The Application of Ion Implantation to Device Fabrication: The Early Days 95

Alfred U. MacRae

10 Evolution of the MOSFET: From Microns to Nanometers 101

Yuan Taur

11 The SOI Transistor 115

Sorin Cristoloveanu

12 FinFET: The 3D Thin-Body Transistor 135

Chenming Hu

13 Historical Perspective of the Development of the FinFET and Process Architecture 145

Digh Hisamoto

14 The Origin of the Tunnel FET 155

Gehan A. J. Amaratunga

15 Floating-Gate Memory: A Prime Technology Driver of the Digital Age 163

S. M. Sze

16 Development of ETOX NOR Flash Memory 179

Stefan K. Lai

17 History of MOS Memory Evolution on DRAM and SRAM 187

Mitsumasa Koyanagi

18 Silicon-Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors: A Retrospective 215

Subramanian S. Iyer and John D. Cressler

18.9 Some Parting Words (SSI) 235

19 The 25-Year Disruptive Path of InP/GaAsSb Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors 239

Colombo R. Bolognesi

20 The High Electron Mobility Transistor: 40 Years of Excitement and Surprises 253

Jesús A. del Alamo

21 The Thin Film Transistor and Emergence of Large Area, Flexible Electronics and Beyond 263

Yue Kuo, Jin Jang, and Arokia Nathan

22 Imaging Inventions: Charge-Coupled Devices 273

Michael F. Tompsett

23 The Invention and Development of CMOS Image Sensors: A Camera in Every Pocket 281

Eric R. Fossum

25 Creation of the Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor 299

B. Jayant Baliga

26 The History of Noise in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors 309

Renuka P. Jindal

27 A Miraculously Reliable Transistor: A Short History 323

Muhammad Ashraful Alam and Ahmed Ehteshamul Islam

28 Technology Computer-Aided Design: A Key Component of Microelectronics' Development 337

Siegfried Selberherr and Viktor Sverdlov

29 Early Integrated Circuits 349

Willy Sansen

30 A Path to the One-Chip Mixed-Signal SoC for Digital Video Systems 355

Akira Matsuzawa

31 Historical Perspective of the Nonvolatile Memory and Emerging Computing Paradigms 369

Ming Liu

32 CMOS Enabling Quantum Computing 379

Edoardo Charbon

33 Materials and Interfaces: How They Contributed to Transistor Development 387

Bruce Gnade

34 The Magic of MOSFET Manufacturing 393

Kelin J. Kuhn

35 Materials Innovation: Key to Past and Future Transistor Scaling 403

Tsu-Jae King Liu and Lars P. Tatum

36 Germanium: Back to the Future 415

Krishna C. Saraswat

References 428

Index 431

[Commemorative] History of Junction Technologies

Hiroshi Iwai

History of Junction Technologies

Commemorative talk for the 75th anniversary of the transistor

IWJT 2023; T-Cosponsored by IEEE EDS; 

Kyoto (J) June 8-9, 2023

1 International College of Semiconductor Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
2 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan

Abstract: In this paper, I describe the history of junction technologies for ICT (Information and Communication Technology) devices. Junctions serve as functional interfaces between materials in these devices. Over the past 200 years, since the inception of electrical engineering, a wide range of junction technologies have been developed as key components for device operation, playing a significant role in advancing intelligence in human society.

FIG: The first idea of FET (MISFET) by J. Lilienfeld "Method and apparatus for controlling electric current", Canadian Patent CA272437TA, filed October 22, 1925

Acknowledgements: I [author: Hiroshi Iwai] would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Tokyo Institute of Technology Library for granting me access to historically significant documents. The information available on the Computer History Museum (CHM) website was instrumental in understanding the timeline of device development. I am deeply grateful to Prof. Kazuo Tsutsui of Tokyo Institute of Technology for providing me with a conducive environment to concentrate on writing this manuscript. I would also like to extend my gratitude to the IWJT committee members for granting me the valuable opportunity to document the history of junction technologies, logic and memory device technologies, as well as reviewing the lengthy manuscript. In particular, I am grateful to Dr. Michael Current for his meticulous review of the manuscript. Finally, I would like to thank my colleagues in both industry and academia who have dedicated their time and expertise to the advancement of integrated circuit technology over the years.