[chapter] Modeling of the MOSFETs

Jean-Marc Dienot, “A Review on Analytical and Electrical Modeling of the MOSFET Transistor”

Chapter 2 in "Field-Effect Transistors – Fundamentals, Technologies, and Future Applications"

Editor: Kenan Cicek

DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.1009040

ABSTRACT: Power semiconductor MOSFET and other MOS-controlled devices benefit from material and technology improvements to respond to high-level power features, high voltage, high current density, short switching times, and thermal constants, which optimize energy efficiency. These enhanced characteristics induce more electromagnetic noises and temperature-management constraints for the deployment of this technology. We describe synthetically modeling theory and technic, from basic-to-advanced, to derive predictive simulations for the power MOSFET challenging issues. Analytical and electrical circuit model of the MOSFET elementary cell at semiconductor level, time-domain simulation. Distributed and propagative model, including device packaging and power-printed circuit board (PPCB) PEEC and 3D model levels, signal integrity simulation, common mode emission simulation, and radiated field simulation. Electro-thermal model with thermal propagative network model coupled with electrical model at circuit level, time multi-domain simulation. Case studies on Power PCB with MOSFET Si et SiC illustrate modeling procedures.

FIG: Overeview of analytical equations of the MOSFETs

 

[Newsletter] Revolution EDA April 2026

Revolution EDA has two updates to share this month: 

• a browser-based cloud trial environment is now live, and 
• hierarchical Layout vs Schematic (LVS) verification has been added to the platform

Cloud Trial Environment

[paper] Open-Source SkyWater 130 nm MOSFETs at 77K

F. Beall1, A. Rimal1, O. Seidel1, Y. Mei1, A. D. McDonald3, I. Parmaksiz5,1 V. A. Chirayath1, J. Asaadi1, D. Braga2, J. B. R. Battat4

DC Cryogenic Modeling of Open-Source SkyWater 130 nm MOSFETs at 77K Using BSIM4

arXiv:2604.21625v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall] 23 Apr 2026

1 The University of Texas at Arlington, Physics Department, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
2 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Microelectronics Department, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
3 Instrumentation Frontier Scientific, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
4 Wellesley College, Physics and Astronomy Department, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
5 Rice University, Physics Department, Houston, TX 77005, USA

Abstract: Cryogenic applications in high-energy physics (HEP) demand reliable, low-power CMOS electronics capable of operating at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77K). The open-source SkyWater 130nm (SKY130) CMOS process has previously been shown to operate at temperatures as low as 4K making it a promising candidate for HEP applications. In this work, we characterize and model SKY130 low-threshold voltage transistors at 77K, which is a temperature commonly used in modeling applications for liquid argon detectors. DC characteristic measurements were performed at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. We created a cryogenic modeling approach to produce a SPICE-compatible, isothermal BSIM4-based model for select transistor sizes at 77K. The resulting model agrees with data at 77K with an average error on the order of 20% (relative RMS) and shows no dependence on drain voltage. Due to the open-source nature of SKY130, we have made our models publicly available on Github. We hope this work will continue the trend for democratizing circuit design at cryogenic temperatures in high-energy physics by enabling open access to accurate cryogenic CMOS device models at 77K.

Fig: Hardware setup used for I-V measurements: (a) Schematic of the I-V measurement

system (b) Wirebonded SKY130 chip mounted on PCB

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank various engineers in the microelectronics department at FNAL for their guidance and assistance on this project: Albert Dyer for help operating the cryo-cooler, and Louis Dal Monte and Pamela Klabbers for PCB design. The authors would also like to extend gratitude to Andy Pender from Synopsys for assistance with the modeling software, Mystic™. This material is also based upon work supported by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics under Award Number DE-SC0022296 and DE-SC00253485 as well as support from the University of Texas at Arlington’s Center for Advanced Detector Technologies.

[paper] Multi-Agent Self-Evolved ABC

Cunxi Yu and Haoxing Ren

Autonomous Evolution of EDA Tools: Multi-Agent Self-Evolved ABC

In 63rd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC ’26)

July 26–29, 2026, Long Beach, CA

DOI: 10.1145/3770743.3804221

Abstract: This paper introduces the first self-evolving logic synthesis framework, which leverages Large Language Model (LLM) agents to autonomously improve the source code of ABC, the widely adopted logic synthesis system. Our framework operates on the entire integrated ABC codebase, and the output repository preserves its single-binary execution model and command interface. In the initial evolution cycle, we bootstrap the system using existing prior open-source synthesis components, covering flow tuning, logic minimization, and technology mapping, but without manually injecting new heuristics. On top of this foundation, a team of LLM-based agents iteratively rewrites and evolves specific sub-components of ABC following our “programming guidance“ prompts under a unified correctness and QoR-driven evaluation loop. Each evolution cycle proposes code modifications, compiles the integrated binary, validates correctness, and evaluates quality-of-results (QoR) on multi-suite benchmarks including ISCAS 85/89/99, VTR, EPFL, and IWLS 2005. Through continuous feedback, the system discovers optimizations beyond human-designed heuristics, effectively learning new synthesis strategies that enhance QoR. We detail the architecture of this self-improving system, its integration with ABC, and results demonstrating that the framework can autonomously and progressively improve EDA tool at full million-line scale.

Fig: Overview of the multi-agent self-evolving framework for ABC. Specialized LLM agents evolve distinct subsystems (flow optimization, core algorithms, and mapping), with each iteration undergoing compilation, formal CEC verification, and full QoR evaluation. A planning agent coordinates global decisions, a coding agent implements edits, and all agents follow a shared rulebase and unified evaluation pipeline to enable coordinated, correctness-preserving improvements.

Acknowledgment: The authors would like to thank Prof. Zhiru Zhang and his students for their valuable feedback and insightful discussions.

May 2026 Event "ISHI Kai 3rd Anniversary Event

May 2026 Event ISHI Kai 3rd Anniversary Event 

Gift to Students, Newcomers, and Semiconductor Beginners!

Tokyo Venue

Contents

The ISHI Association has finally celebrated its third anniversary!
This time, we have collected content for students, newcomers, and semiconductor beginners. What should university teachers and those who have done open source semiconductors do to step up for students and newcomers? And what means are there? This time, there are also on-site participation slots in Tokyo and Fukuoka, so please join us. This is only available for applications for the Tokyo venue.

Click here to apply for the Fukuoka venue >> https://ishikai.connpass.com/event/381975/

The activity is done on Discord. We hope you will join us!
(If it is disabled, please contact Noritsuna Atmark ishi-kai.org) 
https://discord.gg/Sj47dJk8x7

Participation fee >> Free